With the global rollout of 5G networks, the demand for secure communication systems is more critical than ever. While 5G brings unprecedented speed, low latency, and connectivity, it also introduces new security vulnerabilities and attack surfaces. This is where compliance testing based on the 3GPP Security Assurance Specifications (SCAS) plays a vital role. In this blog, we will provide a detailed guide to 3GPP SCAS compliance testing, its importance, and how it ensures robust security for 5G Core and Radio Access Network (RAN) components.
The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) has defined Security Assurance Specifications (SCAS) to ensure that 5G network functions are built and operated with strong security measures. SCAS provides a framework for assessing and validating the security of network functions (NFs) within the 5G architecture, particularly in the 5G core and RAN components.
SCAS testing covers the following key areas:
Authentication and authorization
Data integrity and confidentiality
Secure communication channels
Resilience against known vulnerabilities and attacks
By following SCAS, network operators and vendors can ensure that their 5G products meet international security standards, protecting users from potential threats.
5G networks are built on cloud-native architectures, which increases complexity and exposes more layers to potential security risks. As the attack surfaces broaden, rigorous testing becomes essential to detect and mitigate vulnerabilities early in the development lifecycle.
Key benefits of SCAS compliance testing include:
Prevention of security breaches: Early detection of vulnerabilities ensures that 5G networks are resilient to evolving threats such as malware, Distributed Denial of Service (DDoS) attacks, and data breaches.
Meeting regulatory requirements: Compliance with SCAS is often mandatory in many regions for deployment in critical national infrastructure.
Assurance for network operators and end-users: Operators and consumers can trust that certified 5G components have undergone robust security testing.
SCAS compliance testing is divided into specific categories based on network functions and the security requirements for each. Here’s a breakdown:
5G Core Network Security Testing: This includes testing core components such as AMF (Access and Mobility Management Function), SMF (Session Management Function), and UPF (User Plane Function). The focus is on ensuring that sensitive user data and communication channels are protected.
RAN Security Testing: The RAN is a critical component in managing the wireless communication between user equipment (UE) and the 5G core. SCAS testing for RAN focuses on encryption, secure handover mechanisms, and protecting signaling protocols.
Interface and Protocol Security: Each interface between core components and the RAN is tested for potential vulnerabilities, ensuring that protocols such as HTTP/2, PFCP, and NGAP are secure.
Management Plane Security: The management plane in 5G is responsible for configuring, monitoring, and controlling network elements. SCAS testing assesses the security of management protocols, ensuring that attackers cannot compromise network control.
The process of SCAS compliance testing typically involves the following steps:
Requirement Analysis: The first step is to map the 5G components to the relevant SCAS standards. This involves identifying the specific 3GPP TS documents that apply to the network function being tested.
Test Case Design: Based on SCAS requirements, test cases are designed to evaluate the security of the network function. These test cases cover various threat models, such as unauthorized access, data interception, and denial of service.
Security Assessment: During this stage, Vulnerability Assessment and Penetration Testing (VAPT) is conducted to identify weaknesses in the network function. This includes active testing of authentication mechanisms, encryption protocols, and access controls.
Compliance Validation: The results of the security assessment are compared to the SCAS requirements. Any deviations or vulnerabilities are documented, and remediation actions are recommended.
Certification: Once the 5G network function meets the SCAS security requirements, a compliance certification can be issued, proving that the function is secure and ready for deployment.
While SCAS testing provides a solid framework for 5G security, there are several challenges:
Constantly evolving threat landscape: The fast-paced nature of cybersecurity threats means that 5G components must be tested regularly to keep up with new vulnerabilities.
Complexity of network functions: 5G networks consist of virtualized and distributed components, making comprehensive testing a complex task.
Interoperability: Ensuring that security measures work across different vendors' equipment and software can pose challenges, especially in multi-vendor 5G networks.
At Vaan Megam, we specialize in providing pre-compliance testing services tailored to the specific needs of 5G network operators and vendors. Our comprehensive testing solutions ensure that your network elements are ready for SCAS certification and meet the highest security standards. Here’s how we help you navigate the pre-compliance phase:
a. 3GPP SCAS-Based Testing: Our pre-compliance testing is aligned with the 3GPP SCAS specifications, covering key security requirements across 5G network elements. We perform tests for encryption, authentication, key management, secure access, and resilience against known attack vectors. Our expertise ensures that your network functions comply with the necessary security standards.
b. Early Detection and Remediation: We help you identify vulnerabilities, configuration issues, or implementation gaps early in the development process. By detecting issues before entering formal compliance testing, we reduce the likelihood of failure during certification and help you take corrective action before any vulnerabilities can compromise your network.
c. Tailored Testing for Core, RAN, and Management Systems: Whether you are testing the 5G Core, RAN, or management systems, Vaan Megam provides a tailored testing approach that addresses the unique security needs of each network component. We ensure that each element meets SCAS requirements and operates securely within the larger 5G ecosystem.
d. Automated and Manual Testing Approaches: We leverage a combination of automated testing tools and manual security assessments to provide comprehensive coverage. Our automated tools streamline vulnerability scanning and test execution, while our expert engineers conduct detailed manual assessments to identify complex security issues that automated tools may miss.
e. Test Reporting and Recommendations: Upon completion of pre-compliance testing, we provide detailed reports highlighting identified issues, security gaps, and remediation recommendations. Our clear and actionable insights help you prioritize and address vulnerabilities, ensuring a smoother path to formal compliance testing.
Achieving SCAS compliance is a critical step in ensuring the security of 5G networks, but it doesn’t have to be a daunting task. With Vaan Megam’s pre-compliance testing services, you can proactively address potential security issues, mitigate risks, and approach formal certification with confidence.
Our expert testing solutions not only help you meet 3GPP SCAS requirements but also ensure that your 5G network components are secure, reliable, and ready for deployment. By identifying issues early and implementing targeted fixes, we pave the way for a smoother, faster, and more efficient certification process—ensuring your network is both secure and compliant from the start.
Vaan Megam: Your Partner in 5G Security Testing. Contact us today to learn more about how our pre-compliance testing services can help you achieve 3GPP SCAS compliance with ease.